This issue of the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden is devoted to advances in the Apocynaceae s.l. and is based on the symposium, “Recent Progress in the Systematics of Apocynaceae,” held at the XVII International Botanical Congress in Vienna in 2005. The collection of papers presented here spans the phylogenetic and geographic breadth of the family and includes at least one study focused on representatives from each of the five subfamilies: Rauvolfioideae, Apocynoideae, Periplocoideae, Secamonoideae, and Asclepiadoideae. The papers range from higher-level phylogenetic analyses to more narrowly defined case studies and include new results in phylogenetics, taxonomy, biogeography, pollination biology, and a pharmacophagous plant–butterfly interaction involving pyrrolizidine alkaloids, as well as a new hypothesis for the evolution of pollinia and loss of a compitum in some advanced taxa. An updated classification scheme of the Apocynaceae is presented, with one additional tribe recognized in Rauvolfioideae (the Aspidospermeae) and three in Apocynoideae (the Nerieae and Odontadenieae as well as the Baisseeae, which are elevated in rank here). In Asclepiadoideae, seven subtribes are recognized within Asclepiadeae (the Asclepiadinae, Cynanchinae, Tylophorinae, Metastelmatinae, Orthosiinae, Oxypetalinae, and Gonolobinae) and four within Ceropegieae (the Anisotominae, Leptadeniinae, Heterostemminae, and Stapeliinae). Taken together, the papers here present the most up-to-date overview of the family available at this time.